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Title:

Unităţi frazeologice cu structuri (pseudo)partitive

Author:
Publication: Studii și cercetări lingvistice, LXV (1), p. 79-86
p-ISSN:0039-405X
Publisher:Editura Academiei
Place:București
Year:
Abstract:[Romanian Phraseological Units With (Pseudo-)Partitive Structures] In Romanian, there is a large number of phraseological combinations with (pseudo-)partitive structures. Such constructions do not bring information only to the lexical organisation of phraseological units, but they also help shape them semantically. Analysing the partitive and pseudopartitive structures, we noticed with the phraseological units that the latter are more widely-spread. The pseudo-partitive structures are exclusively realised by means of the prepositions de ‘of’ and the first position of such double-element structures is obligatorily a typical lexeme. The most frequently used lexical elements are such nouns as jumătate ‘half’, bucată ‘piece’, codru ‘hunk’, gură ‘mouth’, mână ‘hand’, pumn ‘handful’, car ‘cartful’, picătură ‘drop’, boabă ‘bean’, mal ‘shore’, dop ‘cork’. Some of them (e.g. jumătate ‘half’, bucată ‘piece’, codru ‘hunk’) express intrinsically the partitive valence, but also the quantity value. The other lexemes however include less the idea of ‘part’. Their base meaning, resulting from their interpretation as measurement units, is ‘quantity’. The pseudo-partitive value results not only from these lexical-semantic aspects, but especially from certain morphosyntactic features. Therefore, in such constructions, the second element of the structure is a noun without the (indefinite/non-specific) determiner. Examples of some Romanian phraseological combinations with pseudo-partitive structures are: a vorbi (sau a spune, a zice) (ceva) cu jumătate de gură (ori de glas) ‘to say something in an undertone’; a face (ceva) cu jumătate de inimă ‘to do something half-heartedly’; a câştiga o bucată (sau un codru) de pâine ‘to earn and make a living’; a-i lipsi (sau a nu-i ajunge) (cuiva) un pumn de sare ‘to be mad’; a da (ori a întinde) (cuiva) (sau a pune) o mână de ajutor ‘to give (or to lend) a helping hand to someone’; a avea un car (sau un ciur) de noroc ‘to be very lucky (or unlucky)’; a nu (mai) avea nici o picătură de sânge în obraz ‘to be pale as ashes’; a nu şti (o) boabă de carte ‘to be completely illiterate’, etc. In the real partitive structures, the part – whole ratio is established by means of the prepositions din ‘from’ and dintre ‘among’. What is characteristic for partitive structures is the fact that, morphosyntactically, the second element of the structure (the whole) is a delimited (specific) noun, and, semantically, this construction expresses obvious partitive constructions (as in the idiomatic expression a fi dintr-o bucată ‘to be a man of the right sort of timber’). The lexical element of the structures analysed herein, and also their meaning make us entitled to state that the (pseudo-)partitive in Romanian phraseological units, more often than not, are a subclass of the quantitative (a reason for which, in recent literature, the pseudopartitive is called the quantitative).
Language: Romanian
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