[The 17th century Romanian testamentary macro-speech-act in the European context. Stereotypy and innovation.] In this paper we focus on the 17th century Romanian testamentary dispositions, advancing the idea that the testaments could be interpreted as a composite speech act.
We will investigate this kind of documents not only from the structural and lexical point of view, but also in a pragmatic and rhetoric perspective. In the analysis of testamentary dispositions various communicative phenomena are at stake, such as the structure of the documents, produced by a testator within a certain cultural-historical framework, with certain intentions, using certain textual instruments. The 17th century Romanian testamentary dispositions follow ancient patterns, and have a standard structure. Compare to the western testaments, the Romanian testamentary dispositions restrain themselves to essential requirements just on a need to know basis. Towards mid 17th century they increasingly became a space in which the testators express their feelings, opinions and perceptions. We will investigate several formulae that aim to avoid any violation of a testament (the so-called clauses of warning comprising threats of anathema or malediction).
Notre étude propose l’analyse d’un type particulier de texte, les dispositions testamentaires du XVIIe siècle. Le discours testamentaire roumain du XVIIe siècle a un caractère très schématique en proportion des testaments occidentaux. Malgrè leur caractère schématique, les testaments roumains presentent les indices de la subjectivité du testateur. Il y a, d’une part, les remarques sur la typologie et la structure, et, de l’autre part, l’approche pragma-rhétorique. A partir de cette perspective, l’acte testamentaire peut être conçu comme macroacte de langage: sa signification et son fonctionnement sont relevés par le contexte extralinguistique spécifique, culturel et de mentalité. La partie finale de ce type de texte a été attentivement analysée – la sanction (la malédiction) révèle, par rapport à l’ensemble du texte, l’opposition subjectif/ neutre, indice de la présence et de l’implication du locuteur testateur dans sa disposition.
Key words:
Structure of the 17th century Romanian testamentary dispositions: protocol, text (notification, exposition, disposition), eschatocol; testamentary dispositions as a macro-speech-act; testamentary dispositions – field of expressing one's subjectivity; clauses of warning (anathema, malediction), their function; cultural and historical framework
Le schéma des dispositions testamentaires du XVIIe siècle; le protocole initial; le contexte; le protocole final La disposition testamentaire – macroacte de langage; l’acte de léguer La disposition testamentaire – espace de la manifestation de la subjectivité; la sanction (la malédiction); le contexte culturel et de mentalité; la structure, la signification et le fonctionnement de la malédiction
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